In the bowl of a stand mixer, cream together the butter and sugar until light and fluffy, about 2-3 minutes. Mix in vanilla, egg, lemon zest, and lemon juice. Scrape sides of the bowl and mix again until well incorporated. With mixer off, add in flour, salt, baking powder, and baking soda and stir until just combined. Scrape sides of bowl and stir again briefly. Pour powdered sugar onto a plate. Roll a heaping teaspoon of dough into a ball and roll in powdered sugar. Place on baking sheet and repeat with remaining dough.
Bake for 9-11 minutes or until cookies are just turning golden brown on the edges and the tops look cracked and crinkly. Remove cookies from the oven and cool on trays for 10 minutes before transferring to cooling rack.
Notes
Store cooled cookies in an air-tight container at room temperature up to one week
Cookie dough may be frozen after rolling into balls, but before rolling in powdered sugar. Bring to room temperature then roll in sugar and bake