Adjust oven rack to middle position and heat oven to 350 degrees. Grease 9-inch springform pan and set aside.
Whisk together flour, baking powder, and salt together in bowl.
1 ¾ cups all-purpose flour, 1 teaspoon baking powder, ¾ teaspoon kosher salt
Using a stand mixer fitted with whisk attachment, whip eggs on medium speed until foamy, about 1 minute.
3 large eggs
Add 1 ¼ cups sugar and lemon zest, increase speed to high, and whip until mixture is fluffy and pale yellow, about 3 minutes.
1 ¼ cups granulated sugar, ¼ teaspoon lemon zest
Reduce speed to medium and, with mixer running, slowly pour in olive oil. Mix until oil is fully incorporated, about 1 minute.
¾ cup olive oil
Add half of flour mixture and mix on low speed until incorporated, about 1 minute, scraping down bowl as needed.
Add lemon juice and milk and mix until combined, about 30 seconds.
3 tablespoons freshly squeezed lemon juice, ¾ cup whole milk
Add remaining flour mixture and mix until just incorporated, about 1 minute, scraping down bowl as needed.
Transfer batter to prepared pan; sprinkle remaining 2 tablespoons sugar over entire surface.
2 tablespoons granulated sugar
Bake until cake is deep golden brown and toothpick inserted in center comes out with few crumbs attached, 40 to 45 minutes.
Transfer pan to wire rack and let cool for 15 minutes. Remove side of pan and let cake cool completely, about 1 ½ hours.